Efectos de la exposición perinatal a Cannabis
Resumen
La marihuana o cannabis constituye actualmente la droga ilícita más utilizada en la población general y en mujeres embarazadas. No existen datos nacionales, pero en Europa y EEUU se ha estimado que el 10% de las embarazadas consumen cannabis. Los efectos de la exposición prenatal a esta sustancia no están claramente definidos y múltiples estudios han tratado de esclarecerlos. En este artículo se intenta revisar los aspectos más importantes de la exposición prenatal. La cannabis actúa sobre el sistema endocannabinoide fetal alterando su neurodesarrollo. En la etapa neonatal se ha descrito alteraciones biométricas y neuroconductuales, mientras que en la infancia se ha observado alteración en el desarrollo del lenguaje, de la memoria, de la atención y de las funciones ejecutivas, persistiendo algunas hasta la adultez. Pese a que un ambiente desfavorable es capaz de explicar en forma significativa las alteraciones descritas, la exposición a cannabis prenatal es un factor de riesgo de presentar resultados adversos en el neurodesarrollo tanto fetal como en etapas posteriores de la vida, por lo que debe ser pesquisado en toda embarazada o mujer con deseos de estarlo y aconsejar fuertemente la suspensión inmediata de su consumo.Palabras clave:
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